Bernoulli's Theorem
Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician and physicist stated a theorem which gives the interaction between the pressure acting at a point on the surface of the liquid and the velocity of its particles. Bernoulli's theorem states that total energy of a small amount of an incompressible liquid flowing from one point to another remains constant throughout the displacement.The volume of water entering A1 per second = A1V1
The volume of water leaving A2 per second = A2V2
Therefore, the mass of liquid entering per second at A1 = p1A1V1
The mass of liquid leaving per second at A2 = p2A2V2
Assuming, there is no loss of fluid in the tube that each,
Therefore,
or AV = Constant
this is the equation of continuity.
Consider a tube AB of varying cross-section A1 and A2 and a different heights H1 and H2. A liquid is flowing from A to B,
P1 > P2
Here, A1 > A2
So, V1 < V2
The force on the liquid at A = P1A1
The force on the liquid at B = P2A2
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Now, the work done per second on the liquid at section A = P1V1
The work done per second on the liquid at section B = P2V2
V1 = V2 = V
The equation of continuity.
Net work done = P1V - P2V
The net work done per second is equals increases the potential energy and kinetic energy per second from A to B.
Read Also: Archemedes Principle : Statement, Formula, Theory And Easy And Complete Explanation
Applications Of Bernoulli's Theorem
Motion of a ping-pong ball
Place a ping-pong ball in an upward stream of water as shown here we observe that when a continuous stream of water gushes out of the nozzle the ball rises to a certain height above the nozzle and stays at that height against the gravitational pull and starts spinning.We also observe that in case the ball moves to one side, it is automatically brought back to the original position.
How does this happen?
Suppose, the ball moves towards the left the ball continues to spin due to the liquid on the right side. The direction of spin of the ball is in such a way that the fluid velocity is more on its right side and less on the left side of the ball. According to Bernoulli's theorem, the pressure of the fluid on the right is less than that on the left. Due to this difference in pressure, the ball returns to its original position.
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